Addressing Socioeconomic Disparities in Vision-Threatening AMD

Targeted interventions can remove barriers to care.

By: Ji Yun Han, BS, Sarishka Desai, BA, Nazlee Zebardast, MD, MSc, FRCSC

Retinal Physician April 1, 2025 Vol 22, Issue April 2025

Clinical Report: Addressing Socioeconomic Disparities in Vision-Threatening AMD

Overview

This study investigates the impact of socioeconomic status on eye care utilization among patients with vision-threatening age-related macular degeneration (VT-AMD). Significant disparities were identified, with lower income levels correlating with reduced rates of essential eye care services, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve access.

Background

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major public health issue, with projections of 288 million cases globally by 2040. Vision loss from AMD significantly impacts daily activities and mental health, particularly in individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Understanding and addressing the barriers to eye care utilization among these populations is crucial for improving health outcomes.

Data Highlights

{'table': {'headers': ['Income Level', 'Eye Examinations', 'Peripheral Fundus Exams', 'Fundus Photography', 'Macular OCT'], 'rows': [['$50,000 - $100,000', '25% lower', '55% lower', '55% lower', '41% lower'], ['Below $50,000', '38% lower', 'N/A', '77% lower', '55% lower']]}}

Key Findings

Lower income levels are associated with significantly reduced rates of eye examinations and diagnostic imaging among VT-AMD patients.
Participants earning $50,000 to $100,000 exhibited 25% lower rates of eye examinations compared to those earning over $100,000.
Those with incomes below $50,000 had 38% lower rates of eye examinations and 77% lower rates of fundus photography.
Despite disparities in eye care utilization, no differences were observed in intravitreal injection rates across income brackets.
Barriers to care include financial strain, longer wait times, and limited access to ophthalmologists in underserved areas.
Patient assistance programs and telemedicine are proposed strategies to improve access to care.

Clinical Implications

Healthcare providers should be aware of the socioeconomic disparities affecting VT-AMD patients and consider implementing targeted interventions to improve access to eye care. Strategies such as patient assistance programs and telemedicine can help mitigate barriers faced by low-income individuals.

Conclusion

Addressing socioeconomic disparities in eye care utilization is essential for improving outcomes in VT-AMD patients. Targeted interventions can enhance access and quality of care for these vulnerable populations.

PentaVision

Retinal Physician